Nigerian governor urges calm as witnesses say soldiers fired on protesters

 According to (CNN) Nigeria has been rocked by days of nationwide protests over police brutality, following widespread claims of kidnapping, harassment and extortion by a controversial police unit known as the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS).

The protests turned bloody on Tuesday in Lagos, the country's largest city, as rallies continued despite a state-wide curfew. Eyewitnesses told CNN that multiple demonstrators had been shot by soldiers.

The inspector general of police announced 10 days ago that the controversial SARS unit was being disbanded and its officers redeployed.

But protests have continued in cities across the country, with some young Nigerians insisting they will continue to take to the streets until the entire police force is reformed.

So what is SARS and why is it so controversial?

For more than a quarter of a century, SARS took the lead on the country's most serious crimes -- armed robbery, kidnapping, assault and murder. But over time it has become notorious for alleged abuses committed with apparent impunity.

The government promised to overhaul the unit in 2018 following a months-long social media campaign by Nigerian activists protesting alleged human rights abuses by the squad. In January 2019, the police announced further reforms to the unit.

But critics say the #EndSARS campaign has resulted in little change.

Human rights group Amnesty International released a damning report in June this year in which it said it had documented 82 cases of police brutality in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020.

"Detainees in SARS custody have been subjected to a variety of methods of torture including hanging, mock execution, beating, punching and kicking, burning with cigarettes, waterboarding, near-asphyxiation with plastic bags, forcing detainees to assume stressful bodily positions and sexual violence," the report said.

"Findings from our research indicate that few cases are investigated and hardly any officers are brought to justice on account of torture and other ill-treatment."

When contacted by CNN earlier this month regarding allegations of misconduct by SARS officers, Lagos state spokesman Muyiwa Adejobi said that all complaints against its officers were carefully investigated and appropriate sanctions applied to offenders. He encouraged people affected by police misconduct to report the abuses.

How did the recent unrest begin?

After weeks of outcry online from young people in the country over claims of kidnapping, harassment and extortion by SARS, protesters began taking to the streets about two weeks ago.

Kanye West and other stars join global protests over police brutality in Nigeria

While the demonstrations have been largely peaceful, police have been accused of using excessive force against some protesters, allegedly causing a number of deaths and injuries.

Amnesty International said in a tweet Tuesday that "thugs and sponsored hoodlums" were also attacking peaceful protesters across the country.

The #EndSARS campaign gained increased traction globally after international celebrities such as US rapper Kanye West, singer Trey Songz (real name Tremaine Aldon Neverson), former professional footballer Rio Ferdinand and "Star Wars" actor John Boyega spoke out in support of the protests.

Members of the Nigerian diaspora community also organized protests in solidarity with their counterparts at home, with demonstrations held as far afield as Canada, England, Germany and the United States.

As public anger mounted, the Inspector General of Police, Mohammed Abubakar Adamu, announced the dissolution of SARS on October 11. In a video the following day, President Muhammadu Buhari addressed the "genuine concerns and agitations by Nigerians about the excessive use of force, and in some cases extrajudicial killings and wrongful conduct, by men of the Nigerian police force."

Buhari said the disbanding of SARS was "only the first step" in extensive police reform. "We will also ensure that all those responsible for misconduct or wrongful acts are brought to justice," he added, insisting that "the vast majority of men and women of the police force are hard-working and diligent in performing their duties."

Nigerian police use teargas at protest against police brutality 00:35

A new tactical police unit, the Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team, has been created to "fill the gaps" left by the disbandment of SARS and will be trained by the International Committee of the Red Cross, Reuters reported Monday.

But protesters are demanding wider reforms and further protections against the police, including independent oversight and psychological evaluation of officers.

Amnesty said many doubt the promised changes will make a difference. "Nigerians are skeptical of authorities' pledge to end police atrocities because the past claims of reforming SARS have turned out to be empty words," the rights group tweeted Monday.

A 17-year-old died in police custody on Monday in Kano, a city in the north of the country, after allegedly being tortured, according to Amnesty International.

Many protesters and journalists were assaulted by police in the capital Abuja on the same day, the rights group said. Videos on social media show dozens of cars belonging to protesters burning and Amnesty said three people had died.

What happened overnight in Lagos?

Violence erupted in Lagos hours after state governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu imposed a 24-hour curfew and deployed anti-riot police to the city in an attempt to prevent further unrest.

Eyewitnesses told CNN they had seen multiple demonstrators shot by soldiers at the city's Lekki tollgate on Tuesday evening. CNN has not yet been able independently to confirm casualties.

One witness at the protests, Akinbosola Ogunsanya, said lights were turned off and CCTV cameras were removed before "members of the Nigerian army pulled up on us and they started firing."

"They were shooting, they were firing straight, directly at us, and a lot of people got hit. I just survived, barely," Ogunsanya said.

Another witness, Temple Onanugbo, spoke to CNN from his home nearby and said he heard what he believed were bullets being fired. He said the sound lasted "for about 15 to 30 minutes." Onanugbo said he saw "multiple bodies laying on the ground."

Protesters throng the streets during a demonstration against police brutality in Ikeja, Lagos, on October 19, 2020.

The state government has ordered an investigation into the incident, a spokesman for the governor said.

Amnesty said Tuesday it had received "credible but disturbing evidence" of "excessive use of force occasioning deaths of protesters."

"While we continue to investigate the killings, Amnesty International wishes to remind the authorities that under international law, security forces may only resort to the use of lethal force when strictly unavoidable to protect against imminent threat of death or serious injury," the rights group tweeted.

Source: CNN's Stephanie Busari, Eoin McSweeney, Vasco Cotovio and Hilary McGann contributed to this report.